Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology

Abstract

Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that encompasses diseases and treatments of the eye. Its technical, clinical and public health features have enabled it to be an ideal field for the development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). Indeed, it is within ophthalmology that many of healthcare’s most promising AI applications have emerged - from early-stage tools in development, to regulatory-approved and commercialised platforms in real-world clinical use. The field’s technical, clinical and public health contexts are described within this chapter and are further illustrated through case studies in diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).